Lubricating System

Lubricating system in an automobile is the system by which the various rotating and sliding engine parts are lubricated to reduce friction. An oil film is formed to prevent metal parts from coming into direct contact with one another. The lubrication devices include oil pumping, filtration, cooling, circulation and oil pressure regulation.

When the engine is not running, the engine oil stays in the oil pan at the bottom of the engine. When the engine is started, oil in the pan is sucked up by the oil pump (through strainer) linked directly to the crankshaft, and its pressure is regulated by a relief valve. The oil is then filtered by the oil filter, and cooled by the oil cooler. The filtered and cooled oil is then fed separately to the cylinder head and oil galleries.

The oil pumped to the oil gallery lubricates the crankshaft journal, and is then sent through the oil paths in the crankshaft to the crank pin lubricating, the connecting rod bearings. It is ejected out from the connecting rod in form of oil jets to lubricate the cylinders and piston pins.

The flow of oil pumped to the cylinder head is regulated by oil control orifices in the cylinder block before being fed to the cam holders and rocker arm pivots. The oil fed to the holders lubricate the camshaft journals and some of the oil is ejected out in the form of jet to lubricate the cams. The oil fed to the rocker arm pivot lubricates the pivot. After all the components have been lubricated, the oil returns to the oil pan.

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