Steering System

The purpose of steering system is to change the direction of motion of a vehicle (with the exception of putting the vehicle into reverse). This is done by the rotation of steering wheel by the driver, which changes the orientation of the front wheels.

When the driver operates the steering wheel, the motion is transferred to the steering gearbox via the steering shaft passing through the steering column. It is then converted into lateral motion by this gearbox and transferred to tie-rods. The left and right tie-rods are connected to the steering knuckles on the left and right wheels respectively. Each knuckle is pivoted on the suspension's upper and lower arms and rotate about this axis when force is applied to the knuckle arm. This causes the wheels to move left or right allowing the direction of the vehicle is to be changed.

Note: The ball joints known as rack ends are fitted on the rack and are connected to the tie-rods. These ball-joint connections are provided to compensate for the vertical and axial movements that are caused by suspension movement and steering action.