Though the theory of viscosity has a number of applications, yet the viscous resistance on bearings is important. The following points may be noted for viscous resistance:
(a) Torque required to overcome viscous resistance of footstep bearing is:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
N = Speed of the shaft,
R = Radius of the shaft, and
t = Thickness of the oil film.
(b) Torque required to overcome viscous resistance of a collar bearing is
(a) Torque required to overcome viscous resistance of footstep bearing is:
N = Speed of the shaft,
R = Radius of the shaft, and
t = Thickness of the oil film.
(b) Torque required to overcome viscous resistance of a collar bearing is
where
R1 and R2 = External and internal radius of collar.
(c) The coefficient of viscosity may be found out, experimentally, by the following methods:
(i) Capillary tube method
(ii) Orifice type viscometer;
(iii) Rotating cylinder method; and
(iv) Falling sphere method.
(d) The coefficient of viscosity (in poises), according to the method of orifice type viscometer, is
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
R1 and R2 = External and internal radius of collar.
(c) The coefficient of viscosity may be found out, experimentally, by the following methods:
(i) Capillary tube method
(ii) Orifice type viscometer;
(iii) Rotating cylinder method; and
(iv) Falling sphere method.
(d) The coefficient of viscosity (in poises), according to the method of orifice type viscometer, is
No comments:
Post a Comment